The Biden administration’s proposed Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) aims to offer a US-led platform for negotiating common regional standards around digital trade and data flows, labour standards, carbon emissions reductions and governance. But to the chagrin of some countries and business groups, it will not reduce tariffs between members or include traditional enhancements to market access.
International trade and industry minister Azmin Ali told Reuters in an interview that the newly-launched Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) gives companies the ability to use Malaysia as a hub to access a market comprising a third of the world’s population and a third of global GDP output.
“It represents almost 2.3 billion people under RCEP,” Azmin said. “So again, we would like to invite these big companies to come to Malaysia and to use Malaysia as a gateway to penetrate a bigger market access and also to enjoy lower tariffs in terms of our export product.”
The 15-member RCEP bloc includes China, the world’s second largest economy and Japan, the third largest, along with Vietnam and Australia.
Malaysia also is touting access to another regional trade bloc, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which includes a number of RCEP countries other than China and adds Canada, Mexico, Peru and Chile.
The IPEF plan was a key topic of discussion at a Washington leaders summit by Asean, though it is not expected to be formally launched until Biden travels to Japan next week.
On Thursday, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob called for Washington to adopt a “more active” trade and investment agenda with Asean countries.
Azmin said IPEF “is not a TPP 2.0,” referring to the pan-Pacific trade deal that former US President Donald Trump quit in 2017, but said it represents a first-ever formal economic engagement with the United States.
“It is a good beginning for us to engage on various issues, including the non-traditional elements like environment, climate change, labour practices, and governance,” Azmin said.
Malaysia still needs to decide which of the so-called IPEF pillars to join, he added. Vietnam’s prime minister was also reported to have said that more time was needed to study IPEF.
To make the project more attractive to Asian countries without reduced US import tariffs, Azmin said he suggested to US commerce secretary Gina Raimondo that IPEF include some provisions to provide more technical assistance and capacity building to member countries to help them close gaps between their differing levels of development.
This would help less developed countries to comply with international standards on labour and environment, he added.