In Southeast Asia, including in Malaysia, some 4.4 million people suffer from gout. Indeed, statistics show that the number of gout cases rose by 21% from 1990 to 2020.

Health experts such as consultant physician Dr Lydia Pok say the rising number of gout cases in Malaysia is a cause for concern.

The rheumatologist explained that, left untreated, high uric acid could lead to serious complications such as kidney disease, associated infections, and loss of mobility owing to joint inflammation.

“With the rise in cases in Malaysia, widespread awareness and early action are required,” she said.

“The main signs of a gout attack include sudden joint pain and swelling without injury, especially in the big toe, often at night or early in the morning. It may also affect the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists and fingers.”

Pok associates gout – historically known as the “disease of kings” owing to its connection with lavish diets – with modern eating habits, noting that it is now experienced by all socioeconomic groups.

“The increase in consumption of purine-rich foods such as red meats, seafood, and alcoholic beverages raises uric acid levels, causing inflammation,” she said.

Obesity is also commonly associated with cases of gout, as excess weight can affect kidney function, making it more difficult to eliminate uric acid.

Malaysia has one of the highest obesity rates in Asia, with nearly 50% of the population being overweight.

Other contributing factors include metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol, in addition to genetics, Pok highlighted.

She advises those who experience recurrent gout attacks to seek medical advice, stressing that merely treating the pain is not sufficient – long-term lowering of uric acid levels is essential to prevent complications.

With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and lifestyle adjustments, Malaysians can prevent this silent epidemic from worsening.