In reality, pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, is a life-threatening lung infection that can strike suddenly and escalate rapidly.
According to the statistics department, for the first time in over two decades, pneumonia has overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of death in Malaysia.
Lung Foundation of Malaysia chairman Dr Roslina Abdul Manap said Malaysia’s population is ageing at an unprecedented rate, with 11.6% of citizens aged 60 and above in 2024. This figure is projected to reach 23.4% by 2050.
“This demographic shift presents a significant public health challenge, as older individuals are more susceptible to severe respiratory infections.
“Pneumococcal pneumonia is especially dangerous for seniors, as their immune systems are weaker and symptoms may not be as obvious as in younger adults,” she told Bernama. This delayed recognition could lead to severe complications, hospitalisation, and even death.
“As we age, our immune systems naturally weaken, making it harder to fight off infections like pneumococcal pneumonia,” she added. “Once the bacteria invade the lungs and bloodstream, they can cause serious illness, with older adults at greater risk of death.”
Roslina said individuals with weakened immune systems or medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or chronic lung conditions are also at greater risk.
While influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia may share some symptoms, the latter is more severe and often harder to detect. Patients may develop a high fever, persistent cough with phlegm, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
“In some cases, confusion or extreme fatigue may be the only signs, particularly in older adults,” Roslina said.
She added that pneumococcal pneumonia can strike at any time of the year. It spreads through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, making high-density environments such as airports, crowded public spaces, and even hospitals potential hotspots for transmission.
“Pneumonia is also significant health concern during haj gatherings, often considered the leading cause of hospitalisation among pilgrims due to the high level of overcrowding, close contact, and potential for airborne transmission,” she noted.
According to Roslina, studies have shown that co-administration of the flu and pneumococcal vaccines is safe and effective.
“With an increasing number of Malaysians getting flu shots ahead of the travel season, consult your doctor to get vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia at the same time,” she advised.
Beyond health protection, the government offers financial incentives for vaccination: individuals can claim up to RM1,000 in tax relief under the latest framework for vaccination expenses for themselves, their spouse, children, parents, or grandparents.
This covers several vaccines, including pneumococcal vaccination.