Citing a report by the National Cancer Registry, consultant dermatologist Dr Nur Ashikin Ahmad noted an alarming rise in skin cancer cases, underscoring the need for increased awareness and preventive measures.

“Sunscreen should be an essential part of daily routine, regardless of whether indoors or outdoors. UVA rays can pass through windows and penetrate deep into the skin, leading to premature skin ageing and pigmentation,” she said recently.

UV radiation consists of UVA, UVB and UVC rays. While the ozone layer largely blocks UVC, UVB remains a significant concern as it is the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer.

Nur Ashikin stressed that applying sunscreen is one of the most effective ways to protect the skin, and understanding SPF is key. In Malaysia’s tropical climate, a daily sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30 is recommended to prevent UVB-induced redness, she said.

It should be applied when the UV index is highest between 10am and 4pm, with midday hours often classified as “high” to “very high”. For those who spend extended time outdoors with direct exposure to the sun, SPF 50+ offers superior protection.

“Sunscreen should be applied 15-30 minutes before sun exposure, and reapplication is necessary every two to four hours, particularly after sweating or swimming, as these can reduce its efficacy and decrease its protection factor,” she said.

Nur Ashikin highlighted that sunscreens with ingredients like zinc or titanium oxide create a barrier to reflect UV rays and are well-suited for sensitive skin, but may leave a white cast, particularly on darker skin.

Chemical sunscreens, in contrast, often contain ingredients such as avobenzone, oxybenzone and octinoxate, and work by absorbing UV rays and converting them into heat.

She said these sunscreens blend more seamlessly into the skin, offering better aesthetic appeal, but may cause irritation for those with sensitive skin.

While the face is often prioritised for sun protection, Nur Ashikin said it is important to protect other exposed areas, such as the neck, hands, and legs, which are often overlooked but are equally vulnerable to sun damage.

Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and even skin cancer, she warned, adding that UV damage builds up over time, contributing to risks regardless of the body part. Notably, non-facial areas like the arms and legs are also common sites for melanoma and other forms of skin cancers.

While acknowledging the importance of sunlight exposure for Vitamin D synthesis, she said the duration of sun exposure varies depending on the time of day, season, location, and one’s skin colour.

Individuals with lighter skin may need 10-20 minutes of direct sun exposure, while those with darker shades may require five to 30 minutes, as melanin reduces its ability to produce Vitamin D.

Contrary to the belief that those with darker skin tones do not need sunscreen, Nur Ashikin clarified that melanin only offers partial protection. For effective sun protection, applying SPF30+ is nevertheless recommended, she concluded.