“We will continue our struggle relentlessly… within and beyond our borders,” Erdoğan told tens of thousands of people gathered near an Istanbul bridge that saw some of the fiercest fighting on the night of the July 15, 2016 failed putsch.
Named the July 15 Martyrs Bridge, it is one of three suspension bridges spanning the Bosporus.
Two hundred and forty-eight people were killed and more than 2,000 were wounded after a rogue military faction tried to overthrow Erdoğan.
Ankara blamed the attempted coup on US-based Muslim preacher Fethullah Gülen, a former ally turned Erdoğan foe. Gülen denies the claims.
Across Turkey, people visited the graves of victims of the putsch.
Earlier Sunday, Erdoğan took part in a religious ceremony in an Ankara mosque before he hosted a lunch with victims’ families and those wounded at the presidential palace.
July 15 is now a national holiday and Erdoğan promised during the lunch that “we will not let it be forgotten and we will not forget it”.
The city of Ankara organised a rally in the renamed July 15 Kızılay National Will Square, where thousands gathered nightly for a month after the coup attempt.
Dozens of life sentences have been handed down against the putschists, while hundreds more court cases continue across Turkey against alleged coup-plotters.
The government said earlier this year that more than 77,000 people have been arrested over suspected links to Gülen.
Tens of thousands have also been dismissed or suspended from the public sector over alleged Gülen ties, including judges and soldiers, in a crackdown criticised by Turkey’s Western allies and human rights activists.
Turkey has been under a state of emergency since July 20, 2016, but Erdoğan’s spokesman this week said it would be lifted on Wednesday.
Erdoğan vowed that the fight against the “Fethullah Terrorist Organisation”, Ankara’s name for the Gülen movement which it calls a “virus”, would continue.
“We will find and remove them from all the cells they have entered,” he said.
The anniversary comes after Erdoğan won outright in June 24 presidential elections. After the polls, constitutional reforms to create an executive presidency came into force, giving Erdoğan sweeping powers.
Erdoğan issued seven decrees early Sunday to reshape several public institutions. The Armed Forces General Staff is now under the authority of the defense minister while the Supreme Military Council, which decides on senior military appointments and strategic priorities, has been restructured.