In a post on X, the Pandan MP said the parties would have to agree on a prime ministerial candidate and Cabinet members, as well as the distribution of positions and key appointments among themselves, if they won enough seats at GE16.

However, he noted that there was little ideological similarity holding the parties together. He also said they had a history of attacking one another.

“Governments formed from coalitions of mismatched parties often fail to introduce new policies to help the public as each proposal faces objections from other coalition members,” said the former economy minister.

“In the end, such governments continue with ‘business as usual’, as long as party leaders within the coalition secure their own rewards.”

Rafizi also said it was difficult to determine whether the coalition would succeed in rallying enough public support to win GE16 as most of the parties – apart from PAS, Bersatu, and Gerakan – lacked a significant presence at the national level.

Muhyiddin said on Monday that 11 opposition parties had agreed to form a loose coalition aimed at holding the government accountable and pressing Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim on reform pledges they claimed had remained unfulfilled.

According to Muhyiddin, the coalition will comprise Bersatu, PAS, Gerakan, Pejuang, Muda, the Malaysian Indian People’s Party, Putra, Berjasa, Urimai, the Malaysian Advancement Party, and the National Indian Muslim Alliance Party.