The ministry said the agreement would be aimed at avoiding conflict and tension in the South China Sea, one of the region’s most important shipping and trade routes.

“In carrying out these negotiations, Malaysia always looks to ensure that the code of conduct does not disregard national sovereignty and rights,” it said in a written parliamentary reply to Masir Kujat (BN-Sri Aman).

This would follow on from the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea signed in November 2002, which reaffirmed the principles of freedom of navigation and overflight, peaceful settlement of disputes, and self-restraint in the conduct of activities.

The ministry said Malaysia would continue to issue diplomatic protest notes or take alternative actions towards the governments of countries whose vessels engage in conduct contrary to existing agreements and maritime law.

One such example was the summoning of the Chinese ambassador in October after ships from his country ventured into the exclusive economic zone off the coast of East Malaysia.

“The existence and activities of such ships are contrary to the Exclusive Economic Zones Act 1984 and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.

“This action was taken in accordance with international law and Malaysia’s stand to defend its sovereignty and sovereign rights in the country’s waters,” it said.