However, research on the subject has produced mixed results. While some music boosts memory and concentration, other kinds – especially with lyrics or an overly complex structure – can actually distract the listener.
To get a clearer picture, American researchers conducted a study on 196 volunteers recruited online.
Each participant was exposed for 10 minutes to one of the following four sound environments: a “work flow” music playlist, a “deep focus” playlist, hits of the moment or recreated office background noise.
The researchers found that only the “work flow” music improved the speed and accuracy of the participants while enhancing their well-being. This type of music is characterised by a moderate tempo, a clear melody and simple harmonies, without words.
On the other hand, the “deep focus” tracks, often too slow and monotonous, as well as the popular hits with overly stimulating rhythms, had no positive effect on concentration.
Participants were assessed using a Flanker task, a cognitive psychology test that measures selective attention and the speed of information processing.
Those who had listened to “work flow” music obtained better results and 76% of them even said they felt more relaxed after the exercise, compared to less than half in the other groups.
Well-being + productivity = a winning combination
One of the most striking discoveries of this study is the link between emotional state and cognitive performance. The more the participants’ mood improved, the more their concentration and speed of execution increased.
Conversely, current hits, despite their lively energy, had no significant impact on productivity or morale. The same was true for office noise, used as a neutral reference.
These findings call into question the effectiveness of the famous “concentration” playlists commonly found on streaming platforms.
Well-chosen music can really boost productivity, but it’s still important to choose songs with a steady, structured rhythm that can stimulate without distracting.
However, the researchers recognise certain limitations to their study. The experiment, conducted online, does not fully reflect the real conditions of a work environment and took place over a relatively short period of time.
In addition, the cognitive task analysis remains simpler than those encountered in the professional world.
Despite these nuances, the study sheds interesting light on the impact of music on concentration. While “productivity” playlists continue to multiply on Spotify and Deezer, these results provide greater clarity.
More than just background noise, music can become a real tool for cognitive optimisation… provided it is chosen carefully.