Constipation is a common issue that affects people of all ages. It may not seem like a big deal at first, but long-term constipation can be very uncomfortable and can be linked with underlying health issues.

You are likely suffering from constipation if:

• you have not been able to defecate for at least three times in the past week;
• your stool is large and dry, hard or lumpy; and/or
• you strain or are in pain while passing motion.

It is also common to feel bloated or experience stomach distension when you are constipated.

As not everyone shares similar bowel-movement habits, it’s helpful to identify your usual toilet routine and deviations from the norm.

The majority of constipation cases are caused by lifestyle factors such as not having enough fibre or fluids, lack of physical exercise, and/or changes in diet or daily routine. It can also be caused by certain medications, and stress or anxiety.

Here are two ways to manage this condition:

Dietary changes

The easiest and most natural approach is to incorporate more fibre into your daily diet and drink more fluids. Fibre-rich foods include oats, whole grains, fruits and vegetables.

Fibre promotes the movement of material through your digestive system and increases stool bulk, which makes it easier to be pushed out. This, however, only works if you drink plenty of fluids each day.

There are also supplemental products sold at the pharmacy that can add more fibre to your diet. Examples include psyllium husk or products that combine oats with probiotics.

Note, however, that adding too much fibre too quickly can promote intestinal gas, abdominal bloating, and cramping. So it’s best to increase fibre gradually over a few weeks, allowing natural bacteria in your system to adjust to the change.

Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as those who have a stoma or suffer from heart failure, may not be suitable for a diet with high fibre and lots of water. Always consult your healthcare professional for the most appropriate diet.

Over-the-counter treatments

• Enemas

Enemas, which contain a sodium chloride (saline) solution, require you to squeeze the liquid content into your rectum. The urge to pass motion usually sets in within 15-30 minutes.

• Osmotic laxatives

These promote bowel movement by drawing fluids from your large intestine into your stool, so it is softer and easier to pass. Osmotic laxatives are usually available in the form of an ingestible liquid. The urge to pass motion generally sets in within 1-2 days.

• Stimulant laxatives

Examples of stimulant laxatives are bisacodyl and senna. They work by stimulating your large intestine to contract, which helps expel your stool.

Stimulant laxatives are available in the form of pills, or as suppositories inserted into rectum. They usually work within 8-12 hours.

Note that laxatives may not be suitable for everyone, notably pregnant women or some children. Again, always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment.

When should you see a doctor for constipation?

As constipation could be a symptom of underlying health conditions, talk to your doctor if you:

• are not improving with treatment;
• are regularly constipated and it lasts a long time;
• are bloated and it lasts a long time;
• have blood in your stool;
• have unexpectedly lost weight;
• feel very tired all the time; and/or
• are taking medicine that’s causing constipation, such as opioid painkillers.

This article was written by DOC2US, a mobile application that allows you to talk to a doctor or any healthcare professionals via text chat at any time and from anywhere.