This is very good news for South Africa’s farmers, struggling with drought, who are switching to a crop whose farm-gate price has risen 130 percent since 2008.
Already, South Africa generates around 1.85 billion rand (RM539 million) a year from avocados, producing around 125,000 tonnes and exporting more than half to Europe. In 2008, they fetched an average of 9.64 rand (RM2.81) per kilogramme. In 2017 it was 22.10 rand (RM6.44).
It takes six years to get an avocado plantation into production, but that is not putting farmers off.
“Forestry plantations are being felled and cleared and avocados planted,” said Derek Donkin, chief executive of the South African Subtropical Growers’ Association.
“There are also areas that were either bush or some grazing that’s been planted to avocados.”
There are currently about 16,500 hectares of avocado plantations, and that area is growing by about 1,000 hectares a year.
Traditionally, avocados were grown in humid sub-tropical climates in the provinces of Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal, but now, they are also being planted in the drier provinces of Eastern and Western Cape.
Techniques such as drip irrigation, which drips water slowly on the soil, as well as planting orchids on ridges to reduce surface run-off, help to make the most of the water available.
“Traditionally, no one would ever dream about planting down there, but you need to pioneer – much like this farm was pioneered more than 100 years ago,” said Craig Lewis, an executive at the producer HL Hall and Sons on a farm near the northern city of Nelspruit.
The firm hopes that its trial plantation on the Western Cape – hit hard by drought this year – might allow it to extend what is now a six-month season to 10 months, to supply a global year-round demand.
“Although South Africa is planting 1,000 hectares a year, we would like to plant a lot more,” Lewis said.
Donkin said the rate could hit as much as 2,000 hectares a year within the next few years.
On a smaller scale, Tom Mdluli manages 188 employees on a 6,000 hectare community farm in Mpumalanga province owned by a Trust. It exports around 80% of its 260 hectares’ worth of avocados and is planning to expand by another 120 hectares.
Even the wines famously grown on the Cape may one day have to move aside for the avocado.
“They swap the annual crops like (corn), cotton, and alfalfa for more permanent crops,” said Wessel Lemmer, senior agricultural economist at Absa Bank. “They even take out vines.”