Relations in the region were thrown into uncertainty by more than a year of fighting between Israel and Lebanon from late 2023, in parallel to the war in Gaza, and by the overthrow of former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad in December 2024.

Israel annexed the Golan Heights in 1981 after capturing most of the area from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War.

In May, Reuters reported that Israel and Syria’s new Islamist rulers were in direct contact and had held face-to-face meetings aimed at calming tensions and preventing conflict in the border region between the enemies.

US President Donald Trump met Syria’s president in Saudi Arabia in the same month and urged him to normalise ties with Israel, making a surprise announcement that the US would lift all sanctions on the Islamist-led government.

Soon after Syria’s Assad was toppled, Israeli troops moved into a demilitarised zone inside Syria, including the Syrian side of strategic Mount Hermon, which overlooks Damascus.