The gang mounted a marketing system and attended international cannabis fairs to convince victims from countries including Spain, France and Germany to invest in the system, the Spanish National Police said in a statement.

It led the operation with the help of Europol and forces from Germany, France, the Dominican Republic, the US and the UK.

Nine suspects, who have not been named, were detained on suspicion of fraud in Spain, the UK, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Italy and the Dominican Republic.

“The business model offered by this organisation consisted of using the capital transferred from investors to develop partnerships to finance the cultivation of cannabis plants,” Silvia Garrido, Spanish police spokesman said.

“With this system, they promised victims profits of between 70% and 168% per year, depending on the species of cannabis in which they invested.”

Luxury cars, hotel parties and music videos were used in an advertising campaign to promote the scheme, police said, and victims were taken to legal cannabis plantations which were involved in the scam.

Police carried out raids in 2022 but did not say if any suspects have been charged with any offences.

Police blocked bank accounts containing €58,600.00 and €116,300.00 in crypto currencies, and €106,000 in cash was recovered.

Properties worth €2.6 billion were seized.