Orlov, 70, has served for more than two decades as one of the leaders of rights group Memorial.

It won a share of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022, a year after being banned and dissolved in Russia.

Memorial said Orlov was handcuffed after the verdict, and the court ordered him to be taken immediately into custody.

In his closing remarks to the trial yesterday, Orlov decried the “strangulation of freedom” in Russia, which he referred to as a “dystopia”.

The case against him stemmed from an article he wrote in 2022 in which he said Russia under President Vladimir Putin had descended into fascism.

He was initially fined 150,000 roubles by a district court last year, but a retrial was ordered and prosecutors sought a jail sentence of two years and 11 months.

The UN special rapporteur on human rights in Russia, Mariana Katzarova, called Orlov’s trial “an orchestrated attempt to silence the voices of human rights defenders in Russia”.

Memorial, founded in 1989, has documented human rights abuses from the time of Soviet leader Josef Stalin to the present and defended freedom of speech, with a focus on identifying and honouring individual victims.