Firms like PetroChina and CNOOC Gas and Power have signed long-term contracts with Shell to buy “carbon neutral” liquefied natural gas (LNG), which uses “forest offsets” to balance out carbon emissions.
Greenpeace, which has long opposed fossil fuel producers counting carbon offsets toward their emissions reduction goals, said the “carbon neutral” branding was misleading the public.
“For oil and gas companies in particular, carbon offsets are a smokescreen to obscure their continued, redoubled carbon emissions,” said Li Jiatong, project leader with Greenpeace in Beijing.
PetroChina did not respond to a request for comment. CNOOC Oil and Gas’s parent company said it was not itself involved in LNG purchases. Shell declined to comment on Greenpeace’s report.
Many of the offsets were not being measured consistently and sometimes were being double counted, Greenpeace said. And some forests tied to offset schemes were vulnerable to fires that could turn them into a carbon source, rather than a carbon sink.
Greenpeace said credits from 15 forestry carbon sink projects in China, involving Shell, PetroChina, CNOOC, and other companies, have already been banked, but 80% of the projects planted trees that are at medium- to high-risk of burning down.
Rising sales of “carbon neutral” LNG are being driven by a surge in gas demand, particularly in Asia. Around 85% of carbon-neutral cargoes have been sold to Asian buyers, Greenpeace said.
China’s gas consumption is expected to reach 250 billion cubic metres by 2026, up from 216bcm last year, accounting for almost half of the new global demand over the period, the International Energy Agency said.
The idea of “carbon neutral” gas is likely to be on the agenda during COP28 talks starting this week, said Polly Hemming, director of the climate and energy programme at the Australia Institute.
While it is still a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, gas is cleaner than coal and has been described as a “bridge fuel” in the global energy transition, but anti-fossil fuel groups oppose any new gas projects.
“Stapling those offsets to fossil fuels and claiming that they are net zero – it’s bonkers,” said Hemming.