The fresh unrest in Africa’s second-most populous country comes just nine months after the end of a devastating two-year war in the neighbouring region of Tigray which also drew in fighters from Amhara.

The government said yesterday that the emergency measures would cover Amhara “for six months” but could be imposed “nationwide in relation to any situation or movement that aggravates the security problem”.

Tensions have been rising since April when the federal government announced it was dismantling regional forces across Ethiopia, triggering protests by Amhara nationalists who said the move would weaken their region.

Clashes in Amhara have escalated in recent weeks, prompting travel warnings from foreign governments and the grounding of flights, with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s office yesterday saying emergency measures were needed “to control this unacceptable movement”.

Today, the government communications service said those who “exacerbate the security crisis…(and engage in) various acts of destruction have been arrested”, without giving details about the number of detainees or the timing of the arrests.

According to the emergency decree, anyone found violating its provisions could face “imprisonment of between three to ten years”.

The decree also allows for suspects to be searched and held without a warrant.

Towns under militia control

Local fighters from Amhara’s Fano militia have taken control of three towns in the region, residents told AFP.

According to residents of Lalibela, a Unesco World Heritage site famous for its 12th and 13th-century rock-cut churches, Fano fighters took over the town and its airport earlier this week.

Shops were open today but streets were largely deserted, Lalibela resident Aneley told AFP.

“Lalibela is calm, no fighting…(but) people’s movement isn’t like it used to be before,” he said, adding that the town was suffering from intermittent power and internet outages.

The mood was similarly tense in the cities of Gondar and Dessie, locals told AFP.

“Things look calm but there is no activity…almost all shops, cafes are closed,” said Simachew, a rickshaw driver in Gondar, which witnessed fighting on Thursday before federal troops retreated to its outskirts.

“People are indoors in their homes,” he said, with Fano fighters blocking routes in and out of the city.

‘On alert’

Amir, a businessman from Dessie, told AFP that there was “no fighting here”, with Fano members in control of the city.

“Markets and shops are open but people here are…on alert.”

Another Dessie resident, Mohammed, said the internet was down but phone lines remained functional.

“We hope this (conflict) will come to an end soon,” he told AFP.

An Amhara resident who fled the town of Kobo today said government security forces had “severely restricted” the movement of people.

Kobo “has been under a curfew for a while, with locals prohibited from moving around after dark”, he told AFP, adding that access to the internet and running water was blocked.

“Fighting has eased for now, but there is a high degree of tension and uncertainty.”

The Ethiopian human rights commission yesterday said civilians had been attacked, with damage reported to property, while transport services and internet had been suspended in some areas of Amhara.

Web security firm Cloudflare told AFP they “saw (internet) traffic in Amhara drop around 18:00 UTC (GMT) on Wednesday”.

National carrier Ethiopian Airlines has cancelled flights to Dessie, Lalibela, and Gondar.

The US has “expressed concern” about the violence, while the UK and Spain have both warned their citizens against travelling to parts of Amhara.