The country’s electoral authority on Sunday said Lula won almost 51% of the vote. Bolsonaro has not officially acknowledged the result, though his cabinet has initiated a transition, with Lula set to take over the presidency on Jan 1.
Bolsonaro’s supporters in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro led festive rallies yesterday, carrying Brazil’s yellow-and-green flag draped over their shoulders, blowing horns and chanting anti-Lula slogans.
“We hope the army will intervene in this situation. We know that those elections were fraudulent,” said Reinaldo da Silva, 65, a retired government worker at a rally at the entrance to a Sao Paulo army barracks.
“I came today because I want Brasil to be free. Socialism does not work with the Brazilian nation.”
Similar rallies were held in 24 of Brazil’s 26 states, as well as the capital Brasilia, according to Brazilian online media portal G1.
In response to a request for comment, Brazil’s defence ministry said peaceful demonstrations were part of free expression under Brazilian law, adding that “the Defence Ministry is guided by the Federal Constitution.”
Bolsonaro, a former army captain, has cultivated strong ties to the military since his 2018 election, winning over the political sympathies of some of the top brass.
Like many politically conservative Brazilians, he has often waxed nostalgic for the 1964-1985 military dictatorship. Lula, by contrast, was jailed in the 1970s for protesting against the military government.
However, the armed forces have been wary of direct involvement in politics since the dictatorship, which left the country in economic chaos.
Paulo Chagas, a retired cavalry general who campaigned for Bolsonaro in 2018, said in a message to Reuters: “The military know full well what their duty is: the constitution does not allow them to intervene in politics.”
General Otavio Rego Barros, a former spokesman for Bolsonaro, said in a column published yesterday that it was time for the election losers to concede and think of Brazil’s future. He criticised “groups with no sense of responsibility that still seek to destabilise a weakened social fabric with provocations and misinformation.”
Chagas and Rego Barros fell out with Bolsonaro over his pressure on the armed forces to endorse him politically.
Political leaders around the world have congratulated Lula on his victory, with the White House commending him for winning “free, fair, and credible elections.”
Spokesman Karine Jean-Pierre said yesterday that the Biden administration was glad Bolsonaro had acknowledged the result.
Before Sunday’s vote, Bolsonaro had repeatedly made baseless claims that the electoral system was open to fraud.
As well as echoing that false claim, some Bolsonaro supporters argue Lula should not have been allowed to run after being convicted as part of a sweeping corruption scandal linked to his Workers Party, which was overturned by the Supreme Court last year.
“We need a federal intervention, we have a Supreme (Court) that sold out to the Workers Party,” said one demonstrator at a rally outside a regional military headquarters in the centre of Rio de Janeiro.
Truckers, one of Bolsonaro’s core group of supporters, blocked roads around the country on Monday and Tuesday to protest the results, creating miles-long backups and threatening to disrupt supply chains.
However, several truckers interviewed by Reuters said they supported Bolsonaro but did not agree with the blockades and authorities said on Wednesday that they were making headway in clearing the blockades.