A decade after a massive earthquake and tsunami ravaged the northeastern coast, disabling the plant and causing the world’s worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl, nearly 1.3 million tonnes of contaminated water has accumulated at the site.

The water, enough to fill about 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools, is stored in huge tanks at an annual cost of about ¥100 billion (US$880 million), and space is running out.

This year, Tokyo Electric Power (Tepco) outlined plans to discharge more than 1 million tonnes of the water, after treatment and dilution, from a point about 1km offshore from the power station.

Tepco submitted detailed plans today to the nuclear regulation authority for approval, Junichi Matsumoto, a company official, told reporters.

Pumps would move the treated water from the tanks to the seashore and through a seabed tunnel to release it at a depth of 12m, and about 1km out at sea, the firm said.

Although international authorities support the water discharge effort, it has provoked concern from neighbours China and South Korea and worried local farmers and fisherfolk.

Matsumoto said the company would continue to discuss the issue with residents and others before construction, set to start in the middle of next year.

The water is to be processed to remove radioactive contamination, except for tritium, which cannot be removed.

Water with the radioactive isotope diluted to one-seventh of the figure set by the World Health Organization’s guidelines for drinking water is to be released into the Pacific from the plant around spring 2023, under a government plan.

Nuclear plants worldwide routinely release water containing tritium, considered the least-toxic byproduct of atomic power.