The US has already declared that actions against the mostly Muslim group and other Turkic people in China’s western region of Xinjiang amounts to genocide, an assertion rejected by Beijing.
The US Holocaust Museum, which last year said that crimes against humanity have been committed, in a new report pointed to accounts of forced birth control of Uighurs as well as forced transfer to labour in other parts of China.
“Additional recently surfaced information signals that the Chinese government’s conduct has escalated beyond a policy of forced assimilation,” the report said.
“The US Holocaust Memorial Museum is gravely concerned that the Chinese government may be committing genocide against the Uighurs,” it said.
“The seriousness of the assault on the Uighur population demands the immediate response of the international community to protect the victims.”
The report, however, noted that previous determinations of genocide have often been based on findings of efforts to kill off a community.
“Given the limited reports of Uighur deaths in detention, there is insufficient evidence at this time of the intent of the Chinese government to systematically kill living Uighurs,” it said.
But the report said that forced sterilisations and forced contraception raise “legitimate questions about the existence of the intent to biologically destroy the group, in whole or in substantial part.”
It said that there was not enough verifiable data, which was a deliberate decision by China to limit information.
Quoting previous accounts, the report estimated that anywhere between one million and three million people, mostly Uighurs, are detained in Xinjiang in a policy to forcibly assimilate them into China’s majority Han culture and prevent Islamic practices.
China rejects the allegations and say it is offering vocational training aimed at reducing the allure of Islamic extremism following attacks attributed to Uighur militants.
Former US secretary of State Mike Pompeo, a staunch critic of China, announced the determination of genocide on his final day in office in January.
His successor Antony Blinken has said he agrees with the finding, and the parliaments in a number of Western countries – Belgium, Britain, Canada, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and The Netherlands – have since passed motions declaring that China is committing genocide.