The alert for the Taal volcano, about 70km south of central Manila, was raised to level three from level two which “means that there is magmatic intrusion at the main crater that may further drive succeeding eruptions”, the seismology and volcanology agency said.

Water in Taal’s crater boiled before and after its eruption, a video posted on the Facebook page of the seismology agency showed.

Authorities ordered the evacuation of residents in the lakeside towns of Agoncillo and Laurel in Batangas province due to possible eruption hazards including a potential for a volcanic tsunami.

Taal is one of the world’s smallest active volcanoes. Despite standing at only 311m, it can be deadly, as an eruption in 1911 killed more than 1,300 people.

It spewed clouds of ash in January last year, prompting the evacuation of more than 100,000 people.

Residents have previously been banned from living in the vicinity of Taal, which sits in the middle of a lake about 70km from Manila.