The Southeast Asian country has suffered some of the biggest tropical forest fires outside the Amazon and Congo in recent years, putting at risk endangered animals like orangutans and tigers and sending choking haze across the region.

“99% of forest fires are perpetrated by humans, whether intentional or out of negligence,” Jokowi, as the president is widely known, said in a virtual meeting with officials.

Farmers often use fire as a cheap land clearing method, the president said, calling on local governments to get forest fire containment infrastructure ready.

Jokowi said Sumatra is facing a rising risk of forest fires this month and warned that the Kalimantan region on Borneo Island, as well as Sulawesi Island, could also start seeing forest fires in May to July, with the peak expected in the August to September period.

The president said the fires could cause considerable financial losses and “not to mention the damage to our ecology and ecosystem”.

Fires, sometimes set to clear land for palm oil plantations in the world’s top producer of the commodity, were the most damaging in years in 2015, with the World Bank estimating they caused US$16.1 billion of damage.

Meanwhile, fires in 2019 caused total damage and economic loss amounting to at least US$5.2 billion, equal to 0.5% of gross domestic product, the World Bank said.

State news agency Antara, citing a meteorology official, reported that number of hot spots in Riau province on Sumatra Island has jumped to 63 as of Monday, from nine a day earlier.