George Russell will join his fellow-Briton on the front row for Mercedes in a qualifying postponed from Saturday due to heavy rain, with RB’s Yuki Tsunoda a stunning third and Alpine’s Esteban Ocon fourth.
The race was brought forward to start at 12.30pm Brazil time, leaving several teams in a race to repair badly damaged cars after a chaotic session halted five times by crashes.
Formula 1 championship leader Verstappen, who will have a five-place grid drop for an engine change, was caught out in 12th when the second phase of qualifying was halted with 46s remaining.
Verstappen leads Norris, winner of the Saturday 100km sprint at Interlagos in a McLaren one-two, by 44 points with four grands prix and a sprint remaining.
“There was a lot going on today, but I’m super, super happy,” said Norris of his fifth pole in the last seven races.
“You saw how many people were going off and crashing and locking up. It was easy to end up badly, end up in the wall or do something where you might not even make the race later today.”
New Zealand’s Liam Lawson qualified fifth for RB with Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc sixth and Alex Albon seventh for Williams despite a big crash in the final phase while second on the timesheets.
The car was seriously damaged in a major blow for Williams, who also had Argentine rookie Franco Colapinto spin into the tyre wall with 8mins 50s remaining of the first phase.
Norris had flirted with disaster in that same phase, going through by the skin of his teeth in 15th place after pushing Mercedes’ seven-times world champion Lewis Hamilton into the bottom five.
“The car was undriveable,” complained Hamilton, a three-times winner in Brazil, over the team radio after qualifying 16th.
Verstappen was fastest in phase one as drivers battled spray and slippery conditions but his hopes of damage limitation were soon dashed.
Sainz spin
Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz, winner of the previous race in Mexico, brought out the red flags again when he spun into the barriers with 5mins 51s remaining of phase two.
That also left Norris in danger, in 11th place with more rain coming, but the Briton was at the front of the pitlane queue to go out on intermediates when the session resumed.
Norris went third and then fastest before Aston Martin’s Lance Stroll went off and brought another halt, with double yellows waved before eventual reds that caught out both Red Bull drivers.
“The car hits the wall, it needs to be a straight red,” fumed Verstappen.
“I don’t understand why it needs to take 30-40s for a red flag to come out.
“Honestly, I let it go. It’s so stupid anyway to talk about. It’s ridiculous.”
Team boss Christian Horner said it was “hugely frustrating”.
“It was obviously a big accident, one of the most dangerous corners on the circuit, 40s it took to throw the red flag. It’s the second day in a row now that we have had very late calls,” he complained.
Norris made absolutely sure of pole in the final phase with a time of 1:23.405s, with Russell putting in a 1:23.578 to take his place alongside.
McLaren’s Oscar Piastri qualified eighth with Aston Martin’s Fernando Alonso ninth, despite crashing in Q3 and triggering another red flag period, and Stroll 10th.
Red Bull’s Sergio Perez qualified 13th and Sainz 14th.
Sunday’s session started at 7.30am local time, even earlier than the 1984 US Grand Prix in Dallas, where the pre-race warm-up was scheduled for 7.45am and French driver Jacques Laffite turned up still in his pyjamas.