Kimmich travelled with the squad for matches against the US and Mexico in October but played no role in either game due to illness.
Serge Gnabry also returns after recovering from a broken arm.
Gnabry made a brief appearance as a substitute for Bayern in the victory against Galatasaray in the Champions League on Wednesday in his first game back.
Nagelsmann, the former Bayern coach who took over from Hansi Flick in September, has also called up two uncapped players as he tests options for Euro 2024, taking place in Germany – Leipzig’s experienced goalkeeper Janis Blaswich and Werder Bremen forward Marvin Ducksch.
Manuel Neuer, Germany’s keeper when they won the 2014 World Cup, has said the games have come “too soon” as the 37-year-old works his way back to full fitness after a year out with injury.
His Bayern teammate, Jamal Musiala, is missing with a hamstring problem, so his place goes to Borussia Dortmund midfielder Felix Nmecha.
Germany play Turkey on Nov 18 in Berlin, where the capital’s large Turkish population is expected to create a boisterous atmosphere, before travelling to Vienna to face Austria three days later.
Both of Germany’s opponents have already clinched qualification for Euro 2024.
“I am very happy about these two games. There will be emotion and a great atmosphere,” Nagelsmann said.
Squad:
Goalkeepers: Oliver Baumann (Hoffenheim), Janis Blaswich (RB Leipzig), Marc-Andre ter Stegen (Barcelona), Kevin Trapp (Eintracht Frankfurt)
Defenders: Robin Gosens (Union Berlin), Benjamain Henrichs (RB Leipzig), Mats Hummels (Borussia Dortmund), Antonio Rudiger (Real Madrid), Niklas Sule (Borussia Dortmund), Jonathan Tah (Bayer Leverkusen), Malick Thiaw (AC Milan)
Midfielders: Robert Andrich (Bayer Leverkusen), Julian Brandt (Borussia Dortmund), Chris Fuhrich (Stuttgart), Leon Goretzka (Bayern Munich), Pascal Gross (Brighton), Ilkay Gundogan (Barcelona), Kai Havertz (Arsenal), Jonas Hofmann (Bayer Leverkusen), Joshua Kimmich (Bayern Munich), Felix Nmecha (Borussia Dortmund), Leroy Sane (Bayern Munich), Florian Wirtz (Bayer Leverkusen)
Forwards: Marvin Ducksch (Werder Bremen), Niclas Fullkrug (Borussia Dortmund), Serge Gnabry (Bayern Munich), Thomas Muller (Bayern Munich)