The 40-year-old veteran, who won gold in the 100m at the 2004 Athens Olympics, confirmed his retirement in a post on Instagram titled “Dear Track”.

“I have loved you track. You gave me tears of sadness and of joy, lessons learned that will never be forgotten,” Gatlin wrote.

“The torch is passed but the love will never fade. On your mark, get set … Gone!”

Gatlin’s retirement had long been expected. He had attempted to qualify for the Tokyo Olympics last year but suffered a hamstring injury at the US trials in Eugene.

He completed a 100m and 200m sprint double at the World Championships in Helsinki in 2005, and also won 100m gold at the 2017 Worlds in London, scoring a rare victory over Jamaican icon Usain Bolt in the process.

He was also part of the USA’s gold-medal winning 4x100m relay team at the Doha World Championships in 2019.

But Gatlin’s career was also touched by scandal, and he was twice suspended for doping offences.

His first doping suspension in 2001 arose from the use of Adderall, which contains amphetamine. Gatlin had been using the drug since childhood to treat attention deficit disorder.

The US arbitration panel that heard his case ruled Gatlin was “certainly not a doper”.

A second positive test in 2006 found excessive levels of testosterone in his system.

Gatlin blamed the results on sabotage by a therapist with whom he was locked in a financial dispute.

Gatlin was banned for eight years for that offence, later reduced to four years on appeal.