Pakistan won the final match of the trophy, defeating India by 180 runs.
Police said the arrested individuals were Muslims.
“The arrests were made after their neighbours complained that they set off firecrackers and shouted pro-Pakistan slogans after Pakistan defeated the Indian cricket team,” a police official said.
The arrests were made in the state’s Burhanpur district.
Additional director-general (ADG) Indore Ajay Sharma told the media police detained and booked the youngsters under Section 124A (sedition) and 120B (criminal conspiracy) of the Indian Penal Code.
Reports said the youngsters were today produced in a local court, which rejected their bail applications and sent them to jail.
“They were taken to Khandwa district jail after court today rejected their bail application,” the official said.
According to Indian law, sedition amounts to inciting people to oppose their government.
The maximum punishment for sedition in India is life imprisonment.
The law dates back to 1870 and was introduced by the British during their time in India.
Muslims in restive Indian-controlled Kashmir often get into trouble for cheering for Pakistan’s cricket team.
In 2014, 67 Muslim students from Indian-controlled Kashmir were expelled from a university in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh on charges of cheering for the Pakistani cricket team.