The accused – nine Myanmar nationals and two Bangladeshi citizens – were among 14 people rescued after the Nov 6 shipwreck off a Thai island near the Malaysian border.

They are said to be from a group of about 70 undocumented migrants, mostly from Myanmar’s persecuted Rohingya community, who were trying to reach Malaysia when their vessel overturned.

A charge sheet seen by AFP said the group, aged between 17 and 43, was accused of entering the country near Langkawi “without valid passes”.

Langkawi police chief Khairul Azhar Nuruddin told AFP the charges were read in court “but they (the accused) did not understand”.

The case was postponed to Dec 21 to arrange for interpreters, he said.

If convicted, offenders face a fine of up to RM10,000 or five years’ imprisonment, or both, and up to six strokes of the cane.

At least 36 people died in the sinking with rescue authorities calling off a search for survivors on Monday.

Malaysia is home to millions of migrants from poorer parts of Asia, many of them undocumented, working in industries including construction and agriculture.

But sea crossings, facilitated by human trafficking syndicates, are hazardous and often lead to overloaded boats capsizing.