He said regional security challenges were no longer confined to traditional conflicts such as territorial disputes in the South China Sea.

Khaled said potential threats could now come from cyberspace or even private entities developing technologies that could be weaponised.

“We are highlighting or anticipating all issues, threats and challenges so that Asean member states can come together and work collectively,” Bernama reported Khaled telling reporters after a media walkabout held in conjunction with the 19th Asean Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) in Kuala Lumpur.

“It’s not only about the South China Sea, threats can be from cyberspace. These are new challenges, and Asean must be ready.”

Khaled said Asean must explore collective strategies to address such unconventional threats which could target member states through cyberattacks or technological disruptions.

“Cooperation among Asean countries is crucial to ensure the region remains stable, resilient and prepared for evolving forms of aggression,” he added.

The 19th ADMM and the 12th ADMM-Plus Meeting are being held from today until Nov 2, with participation from the eight dialogue partner countries, namely the United States, Russia, Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand.