Hindu Sangam president T Ganesan said the festival coincides with the Sun God’s (Surya Bhagavan) astronomical transition from Sagittarius (Dhanur Rashi) to Capricorn (Makara Rashi). Known as Makara Sankranti, the celestial event that will occur at 3.11pm local time on Tuesday.
“This year, Pongal falls in the Krodhi year, on the first day of the Tamil month of Thai (Jan 14). These planetary alignments enhance the spiritual significance of the day,” he told Bernama.
He added that the auspicious times for performing Pongal rituals at home are between 7.30am and 10am, and later in the evening from 5.30pm to 6.30pm.
Thai Pongal, a thanksgiving festival, is observed by cooking a traditional sweet rice pudding made with freshly harvested rice, milk and jaggery.
“Families prepare the Pongal dish and offer prayers to the Sun God for prosperity, decorate their homes with intricate kolam designs, and come together to celebrate this auspicious occasion,” Ganesan said.
Hindu Dharma Maamandram president A Radhakrishnan explained that the Pongal festival spans four days, each with cultural and spiritual significance.
The festivities begin with Bhogi on Monday (Jan 13), the last day of the Tamil month of Margazhi. “This day signifies renewal, as old unused household items are discarded in a bonfire,” he said, explaining that it is all about getting rid of the old and welcoming the new.
Homes are thoroughly cleaned and decorated with natural items such as harvested sugarcane, turmeric plants, mango leaves, and folded young coconut leaves, while intricate kolam designs are drawn at the entrance to symbolise prosperity and positivity.
The second day, Thai Pongal, marks the main festival and is observed by preparing the Pongal dish in a new clay pot.
“The milk is allowed to boil over as families chant ‘Pongalo Pongal’, symbolising abundance and prosperity. The term ‘Pongal’ means ever-flowing, not just overflowing. It is a celebration of life and gratitude to the sun, the ultimate source of energy and sustenance.”
The third day, Mattu Pongal, is dedicated to honouring cows, which are considered sacred in Indian culture. Cows are bathed, their horns painted, and they are adorned with garlands. Offerings are made, and blessings are sought for children and families.
The final day, Kanni Pongal, holds special significance for unmarried women, who pray for a prosperous future and a suitable life partner. Women prepare the Pongal dish and wear new clothes adorned with gold and silver ornaments.