The actors’ labour union issued a strike order after last-ditch talks with studios on their demands over dwindling pay and the threat posed by artificial intelligence ended without a deal.

“This is a moment of history, a moment of truth – if we don’t stand tall right now, we are all going to be in trouble,” SAG-Aftra president Fran Drescher told a press conference, following the union board’s unanimous vote to strike.

“We are all going to be in jeopardy of being replaced by machines and big business.”

It is the first time that the two unions have been on strike simultaneously since 1960, when actor (and future United States president) Ronald Reagan led the protests.

What does this “double strike” mean for Tinseltown?

Will the big stars strike?

Among SAG-Aftra’s 160,000-strong ranks are many of the world’s biggest stars. Hollywood’s A-list, from Tom Cruise to Angelina Jolie to Johnny Depp, are card-carrying union members.

Celebrities including Meryl Streep, Ben Stiller and Colin Farrell have come out publicly in favour of a strike. But will we see them on the picket lines?

“There will be visibility from the big stars,” said entertainment industry lawyer Jonathan Handel. “But this strike is not about bringing more money to people who already have millions.”

Top stars do not stand to gain financially from the strike, because their agents negotiate individual contracts with studios that far exceed the union minimums being fought over.

Still, their presence can “shine a light more on the studios, to come to the negotiating table with a fair deal”, said actor Dominic Burgess, who earlier told AFP that actors “all want to work, but at what cost, when the salary and the residuals are no longer sustainable?”

“I have to be able to pay my rent and pay for my cat’s insulin,” he added.

How will it impact movies and shows?

Hollywood productions have already slowed down significantly since the writers’ strike began in early May.

Shows with finished scripts, such as “The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power”, were able to continue filming, although without any writers on set.

But without actors, the only US-based productions that can continue are a handful of soap operas – which have a different contract – and reality and game shows.

For this reason, Fox this week unveiled a fall television schedule full of unscripted series such as “Kitchen Nightmares” and “Lego Masters”.

Movie releases are less immediately affected, because of the long lag between the end of filming and the start of screening in movie theatres. But the longer the strike goes on, the greater the impact on film releases.

Major Hollywood studios have already reshuffled their release calendars. For instance, Disney recently pushed back several Marvel superhero films, spreading them out across a longer time period.

SAG-Aftra has suggested it could offer waivers to exempt smaller, truly independent films.

Will overseas productions be affected?

SAG-Aftra is an American labour union, headquartered in Los Angeles. But this does not mean the impact of the strike will be confined to US borders.

“When SAG-Aftra actors are working on the movie being shot in Europe, or Australia, or Asia, or wherever, they will have to stop work,” said Handel.

The strike also prevents members from promoting TV and motion pictures, meaning premieres and important fall film festivals such as Venice and Toronto will be affected unless the strike ends.

As things stand, “at the Venice Film Festival, if a picture was shot with SAG-Aftra actors, the actors can’t promote it”, said Handel.

How long will the strike last?

Writers have already been manning the picket lines for 11 weeks. But historically, Hollywood strikes have varied wildly in length – from several months to just over three hours.

So how long will this stoppage last? “That’s up to them. We’re open to talking to them tonight,” said a bullish Drescher at yesterday’s press conference, referring to the studios.

“It’s up to them if they’re willing to talk in a normal way that honours what we do.”

Handel predicted the strikes will last at least until the autumn months between September and November. “This is going to drag on, and is not easily resolved, because both sides view this as existential.

“There’s a lot of bitterness between the writers and the studios, and the actors and the studios.”

What is the economic impact?

From accounting to catering to transport, countless businesses are tied to the entertainment industry. This makes the financial impact of a Hollywood strike hard to calculate, but incontrovertibly enormous.

“Fifteen years ago, when the writers were on strike – a 100-day strike – the estimate was a little over US$2 billion. So that translates to US$20 million a day,” said Handel.

Adjusted for inflation, that’s close to US$30 million a day lost in California alone, he said.

“Believe me, our heart bleeds that we had to make this decision,” said Drescher. “But we can’t not get what these members deserve, because it’s only going to get worse.

“This is where we drew the line in the sand and it’s a terrible thing to have to do. But we were forced into it.”