More than 20 provisions have been suspended or changed in the final text ahead of the deal’s official signing in March, including rules around intellectual property originally included at the behest of Washington.
The original 12-member deal was thrown into limbo early last year when President Donald Trump withdrew from the agreement claiming to prioritise the protection of US jobs.
The 11 remaining nations, led by Japan, finalised a revised trade pact in January, called the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). It is expected to be signed in Chile on March 8.
The deal will reduce tariffs in economies that together amount to more than 13% of global GDP – a total of US$10 trillion (RM39 trillion). With the US, it would have represented 40%.
“The big changes with TPP-11 are the suspension of a whole lot of the provisions of the agreement. They have suspended many of the controversial ones, particularly around pharmaceuticals,” said Kimberlee Weatherall, professor of law at the University of Sydney.
Many of these changes had been inserted into the original TPP-12 at the demand of US negotiators, such as rules ramping up intellectual property protection of pharmaceuticals, which some governments and activists worried would raise the costs of medicine.
The success of the deal has been touted by officials in Japan and other member countries as an antidote to counter growing US protectionism, and with the hope that Washington would eventually sign back up.
“CPTPP has become more important because of the growing threats to the effective operation of the World Trade Organisation rules,” New Zealand Trade Minister David Parker said yesterday.
Last month, Trump told the World Economic Forum in Switzerland that it was possible Washington might return to the pact if it got a better deal.
However, Parker said yesterday that the prospect of the US joining in the next couple of years was “very unlikely” and that even if Washington expressed a willingness to join CPTPP, there was no guarantee that the members would lift all the suspensions.
Parker said the deal would likely come into force at the end of 2018 or the first half of 2019.
New opportunities
Governments were quick to tout the economic benefits of the agreement.
“The TPP-11 will help create new Australian jobs across all sectors – agriculture, manufacturing, mining, services – as it creates new opportunities in a free trade area that spans the Americas and Asia,” Steven Ciobo, Australia’s minister for trade, said in an emailed statement.
The first attempt to agree to a deal last November stalled amid opposition from Canada, which was seeking protection of its cultural industries.
An economic analysis released by the Canadian government on Wednesday said the pact would provide exporters with tariff savings of C$428 million (RM1.3 billion) per year.
Total Canadian exports to other CPTPP countries are projected to increase by C$2.7 billion, or 4.2%, by 2040, compared to gains of C$1.5 billion under the original TPP.
New Zealand’s government expected the CPTPP to boost the island nation’s economy by between NZ$1.2 billion (RM3.4 billion) to NZ$4 billion a year, with beef and kiwifruit exporters among the top beneficiaries of the deal.
The 11 member countries are Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam.