“We’re always ready for scenarios – multiple scenarios, and we have buffers,” Faisal Alibrahim told an audience at the Qatar economic forum in Doha.

“We have the long-term fiscal planning and medium-term frameworks that help us adjust depending on what scenario actually plays out,” he said.

The International Monetary Fund and economists estimate Riyadh needs oil prices of over US$90 a barrel to balance its budget.

Benchmark Brent prices have been trading in the mid-$60s this month.

While Saudi Arabia funds its Vision 2030 reform programme off budget, the government needs to spend on mammoth infrastructure projects linked to the programme, which aims to wean the economy off its self-declared “oil addiction”.

It is also hosting the Expo in 2030 and the World Cup in 2034.

Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, was among the largest emerging market debt issuers last year and the government has already raised US$14.4 billion in bonds this year.