The action affects 80 entities from countries including China, the UAE and Iran, with the department citing their “activities contrary to US national security and foreign policy.”

Those added to the so-called “entity list” are restricted from obtaining US items and technologies without government authorisation.

“We will not allow adversaries to exploit American technology to bolster their own militaries and threaten American lives,” said US commerce secretary Howard Lutnick in a statement.

The entities targeted include 11 based in China and one in Taiwan, accused of engaging in the development of advanced AI, supercomputers and high-performance AI chips for China-based users “with close ties to the country’s military-industrial complex.”

They include the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence and subsidiaries of Inspur Group.

Others were included for “contributions to unsafeguarded nuclear activities” or “ballistic missile programmes.”

The aim is to prevent US technologies and goods from being misused for activities like high performance computing, hypersonic missiles and military aircraft training, noted under secretary of commerce for industry and security Jeffrey Kessler.

Two entities in Iran and China were also added to the list for seeking to procure US items for Iran’s defense industry and drone programmes, the commerce department said.