New efforts to slow the flow of less-sophisticated Chinese chips, smart cars and other imports into the US are expected, alongside more curbs on chipmaking tools and highly-prized artificial intelligence (AI) chips headed to China, according to former officials from the Biden and Trump administrations, industry experts and people close to the campaigns.
In her bid for the US presidency, Democrat Harris has said she will make sure “America, not China, wins the competition for the 21st century,” while Republican candidate Trump has pitched ever-increasing tariffs as a cure-all that includes combating Chinese technological advancement.
In short, the battle to keep US money and technology from boosting China’s military and AI capabilities is bound to escalate under either Harris or Trump.
“We’re seeing the opening of a new front on the US-China tech cold war that is focused on data, software and connected devices,” said Peter Harrell, a former national security official in the Biden administration.
Last month, the US proposed rules to keep connected cars made with Chinese components off America’s streets, while a law was passed this spring that said the short video app TikTok must be sold by its Chinese parent by next year or be banned.
“There’s a lot of concern if a Chinese company is able to access and provide updates to devices. The connected car thing and TikTok are just the tip of the iceberg,” Harrell said.
Should Harris win the election, her approach would likely be more targeted and coordinated than Trump’s, people close to both administrations say.
“For example, she is likely to continue working with allies much like the Biden administration has, to keep US tech from aiding the Chinese military,” Harrell said.
Harrell said a Trump administration, on the other hand, may move more quickly, and be more willing to punish recalcitrant allies.
“I think we learned from president Trump’s first term that he has a bias for action,” said Jamieson Greer, former chief of staff to Robert Lighthizer, the US trade representative under Trump who remains close to the campaign.
Nazak Nikakhtar, a commerce department official under Trump who knows his current advisors said she expects a Trump administration to be “much more aggressive about export control policies towards China.”
Nikakhtar said she anticipates “a significant expansion of the entity list,” to capture affiliates and business partners of listed companies.
The list restricted exports to those on it. Trump added China’s Huawei Technologies to the list for sanctions busting.
“Licenses to ship US technology to China also are more likely to be denied,” Nikakhtar said.
She said she would not be surprised if a Trump administration imposed restrictions not only on imports of Chinese chips but on “certain products containing those chips.”
In addition, Nikakhtar said she expects Trump to be tougher than Harris on allies who don’t follow the US lead.
“The Trump philosophy is more of a stick,” she said.
Bill Reinsch, a former commerce official during the Clinton administration sees Trump as likely to take a “sledgehammer” to controls where Harris would use a “scalpel.”
“Trump’s approach has been across-the-board, most clearly seen in his current tariff proposals,” Reinsch said.
Trump has said he would impose tariffs of 10% or 20% on all imports (not just Chinese) and 60% or more on Chinese imports.
Harris has described Trump’s tariff plan as a tax on consumers, but the Biden administration has seen the need for targeted tariffs including increasing the rate on semiconductors from 25% to 50% by 2025.
China has repeatedly said it would safeguard its rights and interests.
Last year, it targeted US memory chip maker Micron Technology after Washington imposed a series of export controls on US chips and chipmaking equipment, and the US accused Beijing of penalizing other US companies amid growing tensions.
Wilbur Ross, commerce secretary under Trump, said that the US needs to be tough on China, but strategic, too.
“It would be very dangerous to just try to cut them off,” Ross said.